The water bowl is empty again by lunchtime. The litter box is heavier than it used to be, and you are scooping more often. Your cat is still eating — maybe eating well — but the last time you picked her up, she felt bonier than she looks.
Those three things — more drinking, more urine, less weight — are three of the four classic signs of feline diabetes, and it is not a rare disease: VCA Animal Hospitals calls diabetes mellitus the second most common endocrine disease in cats.² But the symptom list you will find in four seconds describes a textbook case, and cats do not read the textbook — the standard veterinary reference records that up to half of diabetic cats eat less, not more.¹
Below are the signs as the sources state them, the two diseases that mimic them in a middle-aged cat, the reason one blood test often cannot settle it, and what to write down before you go.
Key takeaways
- The four classic signs are thirst, urination, weight loss and appetite — and appetite is the weak link. VCA lists increased appetite among the four main symptoms, but the Merck Veterinary Manual records that up to 50% of diabetic cats have a decreased appetite.²¹
- The signs you can see are late signs. Thirst and urination begin only once glucose spills into the urine, and in cats that takes a serum glucose of roughly 280 mg/dL.¹
- Hyperthyroidism and kidney disease look almost identical from the sofa. The FDA calls hyperthyroidism's most common sign "weight loss despite an increased appetite" — nearly the sentence Cornell uses for diabetes.⁷³
- One high reading at the clinic is not a diagnosis. In a 2025 study, 6 of 10 healthy cats were hyperglycaemic on arrival at hospital and none ever were at home.⁹
What are the symptoms of diabetes in cats?
Cat diabetes symptoms come in a classic set of four, and VCA Animal Hospitals names them in order: "The four main symptoms of diabetes mellitus are increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and increased appetite."² Cornell's Feline Health Center is narrower about what owners actually catch: "The two most common signs of diabetes noticed by owners at home are weight loss despite a good appetite and increased thirst and urination."³
The thirst is not really thirst. When there is too little insulin, or the cells stop answering it, glucose builds up until the kidneys start dumping it: "Once blood glucose reaches a certain level, the excess is removed by the kidneys and enters the urine."² Glucose leaving in urine drags water with it, so the cat drinks to keep up. The first two signs are one sign, seen from either end.
Merck puts a number on the tipping point: "The renal threshold for glucose (ie, the serum glucose concentration above which glucosuria develops) is approximately 180 mg/dL in dogs and approximately 280 mg/dL in cats."¹ Hold on to that 280.
Cornell estimates "that between 1:100 and 1:500 cats will be diagnosed with diabetes during their lifetime," and names obesity, age, inactivity, male sex and steroid use as the main risk factors.³ Weight carries most of that load: "Obese cats are up to four times more likely to develop diabetes than ideal weight cats."³
| Sign | What it looks like at home | What to measure instead of guessing | Why it happens |
|---|---|---|---|
| Increased urination | Heavier litter box, more clumps, bigger clumps, occasional accidents outside the tray | Clumps per day, or the weight of what you scoop | Glucose in the urine pulls water out with it |
| Increased thirst | Bowl empty sooner, drinking from taps, sinks or the shower | Bowl filled to a marked line at a fixed time; count refills | The cat is replacing the water lost in urine |
| Weight loss | Spine and hips easier to feel; often invisible in photographs | Same kitchen scale, same day weekly, recorded in grams | Cells cannot use glucose, so the body burns fat and muscle |
| Appetite change | Hungrier than usual — or off her food, which is just as consistent with diabetes | Grams offered and grams left, not "good" or "picky" | Unreliable in cats; up to 50% have a decreased appetite¹ |
| Lethargy and poor coat | Sleeping more, grooming less, a coat that looks unkempt | A daily 1-to-5 energy rating, so a slow slide becomes visible | Lethargy is listed by Merck and by the 2025 consensus; an unkempt coat by VCA¹⁴⁵ |
| Back legs dropping | Hocks sinking toward or touching the floor when she stands or walks | Photograph her standing, side on, once a month | Diabetic neuropathy — tibial nerve dysfunction⁶ |
Why do the symptoms show up so late?
Because almost everything you can see is downstream of glucose leaving the body in the urine, and in a cat that does not begin until serum glucose reaches about 280 mg/dL.¹ Below that threshold the kidneys hold on to the glucose, no extra water leaves, and the litter box weighs what it always weighed. A cat can be hyperglycaemic for a long time without producing one sign you could notice from across the room.
Cats compound this deliberately. Cornell makes the same point about a different feline organ: "In the early stages of CKD, it is very common for cats to show no obvious clinical signs, as their body is able to compensate for the decrease in kidney function."⁸ Concealment is the species default, not the exception.
So by the time the signs are unmistakable, you are catching the disease late. Weight shows this best: a cat who drops from 5.0 kg to 4.4 kg has lost 12% of herself — plain on a kitchen scale, invisible in a photograph. The signs are a reason to book an appointment, not a reason to keep watching.
Can a cat have diabetes and still eat normally?
Yes, and roughly half do something stronger than that. The Merck Veterinary Manual states it flatly: "Some dogs and up to 50% of cats with diabetes mellitus have a decreased appetite."¹ That sits awkwardly beside the four-symptom list every summary repeats, and the gap matters — a cat who has gone off her food is often assumed to be the opposite of a diabetic cat.
The 2025 international consensus guidelines phrase the textbook picture carefully: "Clinical signs of DM classically include PU/PD, weight loss despite polyphagia and lethargy."⁴ PU/PD means urinating and drinking more than normal. Note the word classically. It describes the archetype, not the range, and the range is where most real cats live.
A second confusion hides here, and it is about weight. Obesity is a risk factor before diagnosis; weight loss is a symptom after. A cat who gained a kilogram over three years and has now started losing it with no change of diet has passed through both halves of the same story. "She needed to lose weight anyway" is the most expensive conclusion available.
So treat appetite as supporting evidence, not a screening test. The water bowl, the litter box and the scale are the primary signals.
⚠️ Which signs mean call the vet today, not next week?
Three, and none is subtle. A cat who is lethargic, vomiting, breathing faster or refusing food. A cat whose back legs have dropped so the hocks touch or nearly touch the floor. And any cat already on insulin who becomes weak, wobbly or has a seizure. The first is possible diabetic ketoacidosis, the second is nerve damage, the third is low blood sugar.
VCA defines diabetic ketoacidosis as "a medical emergency that occurs when there is not enough insulin in the body to control blood sugar (glucose) levels or the body cannot use the insulin effectively," and lists lethargy, weakness, vomiting, an increased breathing rate, decreased appetite, unplanned weight loss and dehydration among its signs.⁵ The sentence to act on is the last one: "if left untreated, diabetic ketoacidosis is fatal."⁵
The dropped-hock sign has a name and a mechanism. Merck calls diabetic neuropathy "an uncommon complication of diabetes mellitus" that "is seen in cats," with signs that "include weakness, ataxia, and muscle atrophy" — ataxia meaning an unsteady walk. "Affected cats often have unilateral or bilateral tibial nerve dysfunction, evident as a plantigrade stance."⁶ VCA lists it in owner's language, as hocks sinking toward or contacting the ground.⁵ The outlook is not hopeless: "The prognosis is guarded, but partial or complete recovery can occur with insulin therapy."⁶
The third emergency belongs to cats already being treated. VCA is explicit that too much insulin can drop the blood sugar "dangerously low (hypoglycemia)," producing "weakness and lethargy, shaking, unsteadiness and even convulsions" — then, in four words, "Low blood sugar is a medical emergency!"² If a dose may have been given twice, call. The ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center is on (888) 426-4435, 24 hours a day.¹¹
What else looks exactly like diabetes in a middle-aged cat?
Hyperthyroidism and chronic kidney disease, and the resemblance is close enough to be a real problem. Two sentences, two authorities, two diseases. The FDA: "The most common sign of hyperthyroidism in cats is weight loss despite an increased appetite."⁷ Cornell, on diabetes: the two most common signs owners notice are "weight loss despite a good appetite and increased thirst and urination."³ Same cat, same sofa, different disease.
Kidney disease fills the third corner, and it is the most common of the three: Cornell describes CKD as "affecting up to 40% of cats over the age of 10 and 80% of cats over the age of 15," with affected cats beginning to "urinate greater volumes and drink more water to compensate."⁸ Hyperthyroidism is "the most common endocrine disease of cats older than 8-years-old," and the two arrive together: "Older cats often have both hyperthyroidism and kidney disease, and treating these cats is a delicate balancing act."⁷
We cover the thyroid side in our guide to hyperthyroidism in cats and how methimazole is managed, and the kidney side in what to track for a cat with chronic kidney disease.
One more overlap hides inside the diagnosis itself. The 2025 consensus reports hypersomatotropism — excess growth hormone, usually from a benign pituitary tumour — in "between 1 in 3 and 1 in 5 cats with DM," and notes that "Most cats with HST (75%) have no phenotypic changes that can be identified through a physical examination that distinguish them from regular diabetic cats."⁴ So a meaningful share of diabetic cats have a second condition driving the first, invisible on the examination table.
| Diabetes mellitus | Hyperthyroidism | Chronic kidney disease | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thirst and urination | Increased — one of the two signs owners notice first³ | Increased — "drinking and urinating more than normal"⁷ | Increased — greater urine volumes, drinking to compensate⁸ |
| Weight | Lost, often despite a good appetite³ | Lost, "despite an increased appetite"⁷ | Lost, alongside lethargy and an unkempt coat⁸ |
| Appetite | Up or down — up to 50% decreased¹ | Increased — and it is the most common sign, alongside the weight loss⁷ | Often reduced; loss of appetite is listed as a sign⁸ |
| Typical age | Middle-aged to senior; risk rises with age²³ | Most common endocrine disease over 8 years⁷ | Up to 40% over 10 years, 80% over 15⁸ |
| Other clues | Dropped hocks (tibial nerve dysfunction)⁶; unkempt coat, vomiting and a raised breathing rate if ketoacidotic⁵ | Hyperactivity, vomiting, diarrhoea, unkempt coat⁷ | Pale gums with anaemia; vision or neurological change with high blood pressure⁸ |
| What separates them | Repeat glucose plus fructosamine¹ | "blood tests that measure the level of your cat's thyroid hormones"⁷ | BUN, creatinine and SDMA, plus urine specific gravity⁸ |
The column that matters is the last one. From the sofa the three diseases are nearly the same animal; in the laboratory they are not alike at all. No symptom list can answer "is this diabetes?" — but you can arrive with the observations that make the tests easy to read.
Why isn't one high blood sugar reading enough to diagnose diabetes?
Because a frightened cat runs high, and there is nothing unusual about that. The Merck Veterinary Manual is direct: "In cats, stress-induced hyperglycemia is a common problem, and multiple blood and urine samples may be required to confirm the diagnosis."¹
A 2025 study in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery measured the size of the effect. Ten healthy cats were assessed at home and in hospital: "6/10 cats had hyperglycaemia after arrival at the hospital," while "None of the cats experienced hyperglycaemia (blood glucose >125 mg/dl) at home throughout the study." Recovery took hours: "The acclimatisation cut-off time (mean + 2 SD) for cats to return to euglycaemia was 5.8 h, approximated to 6 h."⁹ A single spot check at the clinic cannot tell those cats apart from a diabetic one.
The way around it is a test that averages over days instead of seconds. Merck: "In cases of stress-induced hyperglycemia, the fructosamine concentrations are normal."¹ Serum fructosamine "is indicative of the average BG concentration over the preceding 7–10 days or so"⁴ — or, as Cornell puts it for owners, "a rough average of a cat's blood glucose concentration over the last two weeks."³
Even that is not always decisive; the consensus concedes that "There may be cases where DM and stress hyperglycaemia cannot be distinguished."⁴ Which is why what you bring matters. The clinic can measure this morning precisely; only you can describe the last four weeks, and only if you wrote them down.
Can a diabetic cat ever stop needing insulin?
Sometimes, yes — and this is a real difference between the species. Merck records that "When treated with a combination of diet modification and insulin, many cats achieve diabetic remission and no longer need insulin treatment," while in dogs "the disease, in the absence of a predisposing disease, is generally lifelong."¹ The 2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines define remission as "a state of zero requirement for exogenous insulin for at least 4 weeks, with no clinical signs of DM," and report that "Variable incidence rates for diabetic remission of 11% to over 60% have been reported."⁴
It is not a cure, and the guidelines are careful about that. "The duration of remission may be weeks to years, with a median of 120–150 days," and "Between 13% and 40% of cats are reported to relapse."⁴ A cat in remission still needs watching.
The part worth acting on is timing. "Remission is more likely in cats with a shorter duration of DM and less severe hyperglycaemia at diagnosis, as well as those achieving good glycaemic control rapidly."⁴ Read backwards, that is a claim about the weeks before diagnosis too: the interval between the first full water bowl and the first blood test is not neutral time.
Insulin is also no longer the only option, though the alternative is narrower than the headlines suggest. The FDA describes two oral drugs, both given once daily: "SGLT2 inhibitors do not help a diabetic cat's cells use glucose for energy. Instead, SGLT2 inhibitor drugs lower your cat's blood glucose by excreting glucose through the kidneys."¹⁰ The consensus reports that velagliflozin and bexagliflozin "are effective in treating feline DM in around 80–90% of cases."⁴
The exclusions are the important half. The FDA states these drugs are not for cats "that have been treated with insulin in the past or are currently on insulin," nor for cats that are lethargic, dehydrated or not eating, nor for cats with kidney, liver or pancreas disease.¹⁰ They carry a specific hazard too — euglycaemic ketoacidosis, where a cat is ketoacidotic while the blood glucose still looks acceptable, reported in "1 in 15 newly diagnosed diabetic cats started on SGLT2i therapy or 1 in 10 diabetic cats previously treated with insulin."⁴ And the FDA is blunt: ketoacidosis and pancreatitis "can happen with or without warning."¹⁰
What should you write down before the appointment?
Four things, and all four are quantities rather than impressions: water drunk, urine produced, weight, and food eaten. Two weeks of those numbers tells your vet more than any description of how your cat has seemed, and they cost seconds a day.
- Water, daily. Fill the bowl to a marked line at the same time each day and note every refill. If two cats share it, write that down rather than hoping the number still means something.
- Urine, daily. Count clumps, or weigh what you scoop. Crude but consistent — and consistency is what makes a trend readable.
- Weight, weekly. Same scale, same day, in grams. This is the measurement that catches the slow slide.
- Food, daily. Grams offered and grams left, not "good" or "picky."
- Three ratings, daily. Energy, appetite and comfort on a 1-to-5 scale, which takes seconds and turns an impression into a series.
The reason to start before rather than after the diagnosis is arithmetic. A fructosamine result describes the previous 7–10 days.⁴ The signs that made you search tonight describe the weeks before that. The clinic can measure this morning precisely; nobody but you can measure the month — and remission, the outcome most worth having, is likelier in cats brought under control early.⁴
This is where most households lose the information, and it is not a diligence failure. Owners are excellent observers and terrible historians. "She's been drinking more lately" is a real observation with no timeline attached, and when two people share the feeding and the scooping, neither holds the whole picture. If she is diagnosed the record keeps earning, as we set out in how insulin logging works day to day; and if the tests come back clear, the behaviour change still deserves attention — cats hide more than diabetes, as the signs a cat is in pain or declining covers.
Veterinary medical disclaimer: SteadyTails is a logging and coordination tool, not a substitute for veterinary care. Nothing on this page is a diagnosis or a treatment plan. Diabetes mellitus in cats cannot be confirmed or ruled out at home: it requires repeat blood and urine testing, because stress-induced hyperglycaemia is common in cats and a single elevated glucose reading is not diagnostic. The symptoms described here overlap substantially with hyperthyroidism, chronic kidney disease and other conditions, and only your veterinarian can tell them apart. If your cat is lethargic, vomiting, breathing faster than normal, refusing food, walking on dropped hocks, or is already receiving insulin and has become weak, wobbly or collapsed, contact your veterinarian or an emergency animal hospital immediately — untreated diabetic ketoacidosis is fatal, and low blood sugar is an emergency. For a suspected insulin overdose, the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center is available on (888) 426-4435, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year; a one-time consultation fee applies.¹¹
"How long has she been drinking like this?"
It is the first question your vet will ask, and the honest answer is usually a shrug. SteadyTails turns the things you notice into things you can count: daily wellbeing ratings for energy, appetite and comfort, weight and water logged in seconds, trends over 7 and 30 days, and one shared timeline the whole household writes to — so the month before the appointment arrives as evidence instead of a guess. Coming soon to iOS and Android.
Join the SteadyTails waitlist →References
- Merck Veterinary Manual. Diabetes Mellitus in Dogs and Cats (Endocrine System) — "The renal threshold for glucose (ie, the serum glucose concentration above which glucosuria develops) is approximately 180 mg/dL in dogs and approximately 280 mg/dL in cats." "In cats, stress-induced hyperglycemia is a common problem, and multiple blood and urine samples may be required to confirm the diagnosis." "Measurement of serum fructosamine concentration can assist in differentiating between stress-induced hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. In cases of stress-induced hyperglycemia, the fructosamine concentrations are normal." "Some dogs and up to 50% of cats with diabetes mellitus have a decreased appetite." "Other clinical signs include hepatomegaly, lethargy, cataract formation (dogs), and diabetic neuropathy (mainly cats)." "Cats with a body weight > 4 kg seem to have diabetes mellitus more commonly than do cats with a body weight < 4 kg." "Breeds such as Tonkinese, Norwegian Forest Cat, Burmese, Russian Blue, and Abyssinian appear predisposed." "When treated with a combination of diet modification and insulin, many cats achieve diabetic remission and no longer need insulin treatment." In dogs, "the disease, in the absence of a predisposing disease, is generally lifelong." Ketoacidosis described with "clinical signs of vomiting and anorexia". merckvetmanual.com Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- VCA Animal Hospitals. Diabetes Mellitus in Cats — Overview — "The four main symptoms of diabetes mellitus are increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss, and increased appetite." "Diabetes mellitus is the second most common endocrine disease in cats." "Once blood glucose reaches a certain level, the excess is removed by the kidneys and enters the urine." On insulin overdose: "If a cat receives too much insulin, it is possible for the blood sugar level to drop dangerously low (hypoglycemia)", producing "weakness and lethargy, shaking, unsteadiness and even convulsions" — "Low blood sugar is a medical emergency!" vcahospitals.com Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Feline Health Center. Feline Diabetes — "It is estimated that between 1:100 and 1:500 cats will be diagnosed with diabetes during their lifetime." "The most important risk factors identified for the development of diabetes in cats include obesity, increasing age, physical inactivity, male gender, and the use of glucocorticoids (steroids)." "Obese cats are up to four times more likely to develop diabetes than ideal weight cats." "The two most common signs of diabetes noticed by owners at home are weight loss despite a good appetite and increased thirst and urination." Fructosamine "gives a rough average of a cat's blood glucose concentration over the last two weeks." "With early, aggressive treatment of diabetes, many cats will enter a state of diabetic remission, meaning they are able to maintain normal blood sugar levels without insulin injections." vet.cornell.edu Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- Taylor S, Cannon M, Church D, Fleeman L, Fracassi F, Gilor C, Mott J, Niessen S. 2025 iCatCare consensus guidelines on the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus in cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery — "Clinical signs of DM classically include PU/PD, weight loss despite polyphagia and lethargy." "HST is thought to occur in between 1 in 3 and 1 in 5 cats with DM." "Most cats with HST (75%) have no phenotypic changes that can be identified through a physical examination that distinguish them from regular diabetic cats." "Serum fructosamine is indicative of the average BG concentration over the preceding 7–10 days or so, and is, therefore, less affected by short-term stressful events." "Remission in diabetic cats has been defined as a state of zero requirement for exogenous insulin for at least 4 weeks, with no clinical signs of DM." "Variable incidence rates for diabetic remission of 11% to over 60% have been reported." "The duration of remission may be weeks to years, with a median of 120–150 days." "Between 13% and 40% of cats are reported to relapse." "Remission is more likely in cats with a shorter duration of DM and less severe hyperglycaemia at diagnosis, as well as those achieving good glycaemic control rapidly." "vela-gliflozin and bexagliflozin are effective in treating feline DM in around 80–90% of cases." "eDKA is not common in these patients, affecting only 1 in 15 newly diagnosed diabetic cats started on SGLT2i therapy or 1 in 10 diabetic cats previously treated with insulin." "There may be cases where DM and stress hyperglycaemia cannot be distinguished." pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- VCA Animal Hospitals. Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Cats — "Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a medical emergency that occurs when there is not enough insulin in the body to control blood sugar (glucose) levels or the body cannot use the insulin effectively." Signs listed include excessive thirst and urination, lethargy, weakness, vomiting, increased breathing rate, decreased appetite, unplanned weight loss, dehydration, poor coat condition, and abnormal walking in which the hocks sink closer to or contact the ground. "if left untreated, diabetic ketoacidosis is fatal." vcahospitals.com Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- Merck Veterinary Manual. Metabolic Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves and Neuromuscular Junction in Animals (Nervous System) — "Diabetic neuropathy, an uncommon complication of diabetes mellitus is seen in cats". "Signs include weakness, ataxia, and muscle atrophy." "Affected cats often have unilateral or bilateral tibial nerve dysfunction, evident as a plantigrade stance." "prolonged hyperglycemia seems to be the important underlying factor". "The prognosis is guarded, but partial or complete recovery can occur with insulin therapy." merckvetmanual.com Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Hyperthyroidism in Cats: There's an FDA-Approved Drug to Treat It (Animal Health Literacy) — hyperthyroidism described as "the most common endocrine disease of cats older than 8-years-old". "The most common sign of hyperthyroidism in cats is weight loss despite an increased appetite. Other common signs include vomiting, diarrhea, hyperactivity, drinking and urinating more than normal, and an unkempt hair coat." "Older cats often have both hyperthyroidism and kidney disease, and treating these cats is a delicate balancing act." fda.gov Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell Feline Health Center. Chronic Kidney Disease — CKD described as "affecting up to 40% of cats over the age of 10 and 80% of cats over the age of 15". "In the early stages of CKD, it is very common for cats to show no obvious clinical signs, as their body is able to compensate for the decrease in kidney function." As it progresses, "cats may begin to urinate greater volumes and drink more water to compensate"; affected cats may show "loss of appetite" and "appear lethargic, unkempt, and lose weight". vet.cornell.edu Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- Koomgun K, Thengchaisri N, Surachetpong W, Nantasanti Assawarachan S, Prompinichpong K, Thongbai A, Steiner JM, Sattasathuchana P. Influence of hospital-induced stress on blood glucose concentrations, serum concentrations of cortisol, thyroxine and bile acids, and behaviour in cats. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery. 2025 Apr;27(4) — "A total of 10 healthy cats were evaluated at home and during hospitalisation." "6/10 cats had hyperglycaemia after arrival at the hospital at T01". "None of the cats experienced hyperglycaemia (blood glucose >125 mg/dl) at home throughout the study." "The acclimatisation cut-off time (mean + 2 SD) for cats to return to euglycaemia was 5.8 h, approximated to 6 h." pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Two New Drugs to Treat Diabetes in Cats—Is One Right for Your Cat? (Animal Health Literacy) — "Both drugs are given orally (by mouth) once daily." "SGLT2 inhibitors do not help a diabetic cat's cells use glucose for energy. Instead, SGLT2 inhibitor drugs lower your cat's blood glucose by excreting glucose through the kidneys." Not for "Cats that have been treated with insulin in the past or are currently on insulin", nor cats that are lethargic, dehydrated or not eating, nor cats with kidney, liver or pancreas disease or diabetic ketoacidosis. "If your cat shows less interest in her food or she stops eating, her activity level decreases, she starts vomiting or having diarrhea, or she has weakness or difficulty walking, stop giving the drug and contact your veterinarian immediately." "Diabetic ketoacidosis and pancreatitis, can happen with or without warning, even if your veterinarian appropriately screened and closely monitored your cat." fda.gov Retrieved 2026-09-24.
- ASPCA. Animal Poison Control Center — the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center is available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year on (888) 426-4435; a consultation fee applies. aspca.org Retrieved 2026-09-24.